Taxation of High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs) is a fairly new area. Countries are still experimenting with various approaches, with the main reform action in African countries being the establishment and operation of a dedicated unit within the structure of the respective countries’ tax administrations for the management of the tax affairs of the HNWIs (ICTD, 2024). Discussions in various circles highlight possible and further reforms in future around introducing special tax rate(s) or a special tax (with the ideas pointing to a net wealth tax) targeted at HNWIs.  The major concerns motivating the reform actions and discussion agenda in African countries are centred on two major points. The first point is the need to enhance government revenue collections and increase the respective governments’ capacity to fund the provision of public services and financing of sustainable development. The second point is to tackle increasing inequality around the world, the ultimate goal being to have everybody pay their fair share of taxes. Tanzania (with a Gini coefficient of 0.413) is no exception to all of the above. To read more, download the attached policy brief.